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Despite their robustness, hard rock drill bits undergo significant wear during operation. Continuous research and development in materials science and engineering have led to advancements in bit design, increasing their durability and drilling efficiency. The use of advanced ceramics, heat treatment processes, and sophisticated computer-aided design (CAD) and simulation tools have all played a part in enhancing the performance of these bits.

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The challenges in drilling through rock are numerous. Different types of rocks - sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic - each have unique properties that affect drilling efficiency and durability of tools. For instance, hard igneous rocks can wear down drill bits quickly, while softer sedimentary rocks may cause slippage. Additionally, factors such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of water or other minerals can all impact the drilling process.

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